Fatores associados ao insucesso da cateterização intravenosa periférica em crianças com câncer / Factores asociados al fracaso del cateterismo intravenoso periférico en niños con cáncer / Factors associated with peripheral intravenous catheterization failure in children with cancer

Resumo Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de insucesso na inserção de cateteres intravenosos periféricos em crianças com câncer e sua associação com características demográficas, clínicas, da cateterização e terapia intravenosa utilizada previamente. Métodos Estudo de corte transversal e exploratório realizado na unidade de clínica oncológica pediátrica de um hospital público. Foram utilizados dados provenientes da observação de 130 cateterizações intravenosas periféricas e prontuários das crianças. Analisadas as características demográficas, clínicas, da cateterização intravenosa periférica e terapia intravenosa utilizada e sua relação com o insucesso da cateterização. Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para determinar os fatores associados ao desfecho estudado, considerando p<0,05. Resultados A prevalência do insucesso foi de 38,5% e esteve estatisticamente associada ao tempo de hospitalização (RP=1,6; IC95% 1,05-2,56), uso de terapia intravenosa prévia prolongada (RP=2,1; IC95% 1,32-3,20), antecedente de extravasamento (RP=1,99; IC95% 1,15-3,28) e agitação da criança (RP=1,41; IC95% 1,02-1,94). Conclusão Observou-se elevada prevalência de insucesso da cateterização intravenosa periférica em crianças com câncer, associada ao tempo de hospitalização maior ou igual a oito dias, uso de TIV prévia prolongada, antecedente de extravasamento e agitação da criança durante a inserção do cateter.

Resumen Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia de fracaso en la inserción de catéteres intravenosos periféricos en niños con cáncer y su relación con características demográficas, clínicas, del cateterismo y de terapia intravenosa previamente utilizada. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal y exploratorio realizado en la unidad de clínica oncológica pediátrica de un hospital público. Se utilizaron datos provenientes de la observación de 130 cateterismos intravenosos periféricos y las historias clínicas de los niños. Se analizaron las características demográficas, clínicas, del cateterismo intravenoso periférico y terapia intravenosa utilizada y su relación con el fracaso del cateterismo. Se utilizó regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para determinar los factores asociados al evento estudiado, considerando p<0,05. Resultados La prevalencia del fracaso fue del 38,5 % y estuvo estadísticamente relacionada con el tiempo de internación (RP=1,6; IC95% 1,05-2,56), el uso de terapia intravenosa previa prolongada (RP=2,1; IC95% 1,32-3,20), antecedentes de extravasación (RP=1,99; IC95% 1,15-3,28) y la agitación del niño (RP=1,41; IC95% 1,02-1,94). Conclusión Se observó una elevada prevalencia de fracaso del cateterismo intravenoso periférico en niños con cáncer, relacionada con el tiempo de internación mayor o igual a ocho días, el uso de TIV previa prolongada, antecedentes de extravasación y agitación del niño durante la inserción del catéter.

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence of peripheral intravenous catheter insertion failure in children with cancer and its association with demographic, clinical, catheterization and previously used intravenous therapy characteristics. Methods This is a cross-sectional and exploratory study conducted at the pediatric oncology clinic of a public hospital. Data from the observation of 130 peripheral intravenous catheterizations and medical records of children were used. We analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of peripheral intravenous catheterization and intravenous therapy used and its relationship with catheterization failure. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to determine the factors associated with the outcome studied, considering p<0.05. Results The prevalence of failure was 38.5% and was statistically associated with length of stay (PR=1.6; 95%CI 1.05-2.56), previous prolonged intravenous therapy use (PR=2.1; 95%CI % 1.32-3.20), history of extravasation (PR=1.99; 95%CI 1.15-3.28) and child agitation (PR=1.41; 95%CI 1.02-1.94). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of peripheral intravenous catheterization failure in children with cancer, associated with length of hospitalization greater than or equal to eight days, previous prolonged IVT use, history of extravasation and child agitation during catheter insertion.

Risk factors for peripheral intravenous catheter-related phlebitis in adult patients.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for peripheral intravenous catheter-related phlebitis in adult patients. METHOD: This is a post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial, totaling 1,319 patients. Demographic and clinical variables related to therapy and phlebitis were investigated. For data analysis, frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated, and Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used, with logistic regression, ROC curve, and Odds Ratio calculation (95% confidence interval; 5% significance level) being implemented. RESULTS: Of the 1,319 participants, 80 (6.1%) developed phlebitis. The following were associated with the occurrence of phlebitis: reduced mobility (p = 0.015), family history of deep vein thrombosis (p = 0.05), catheterization of veins on the back of the hand (p = 0.012), pain (p < 0.01), Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate (p = 0.015), and Omeprazole Sodium (p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Risk factors for phlebitis involved intrinsic and extrinsic factors to the patient, indicating preventive nursing interventions such as promoting patient mobility, not catheterizing veins in the dorsal arch of the hand, cautious infusion of risk drugs, and valuing pain complaints.

Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool to assess the risk of falls. / Validade e confiabilidade da versão brasileira da Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool para avaliação do risco de quedas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JH-FRAT), which assesses the risk of falls in hospitalized inpatients. METHOD: Study with 297 patients at a hospital in São Paulo, using retrospective data form 2014. Validity was assessed by accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value - PPV and negative predictive value - NPV) and discriminant analysis (comparison of patients with and without falls in relation to the scale items and comparison of previous risk situations in relation to the injury). The χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were used. Reliability was assessed by reproducibility between methods and interobserver test-retest comparison in a subsample of 60 patients. We used the Kappa, quadratic weighted Kappa and PABAK statistics. RESULTS: Sensitivity was 97.0%, specificity was 6%, PPV was 36.2% and NPV was 90.6%. Five of the eight items of the scale and the overall classification showed risk discrimination capability (p < 0.050). The risk of previous situations did not discriminate the injury resulting from the falls (p = 0.557). Reproducibility between methods was substantial (PABAK = 0.71). The interobserver reproducibility ranged between items (PABAK 0.25 to 1.00) and was substantial to the overall risk classification (PABAK = 0.71). CONCLUSION: JH-FRAT showed validity and reliability expected of a screening tool for risk of falls, and it can contribute to the implementation of fall management strategies in hospitals.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade e a confiabilidade da escala Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JH-FRAT) para avaliação do risco de quedas em pacientes hospitalizados. MÉTODO: Estudo retroativo com 297 pacientes de um hospital privado de São Paulo usando dados de 2014. A validade foi avaliada por meio da acurácia (sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo - VPP e negativo - VPN), da validade de critério, verificando-se as associações entre a classificação do risco pelas escalas JH-FRAT e Morse, e da análise discriminante (comparação dos pacientes com e sem quedas em relação aos itens da escala e verificação de situações prévias de risco em relação ao dano ocorrido). Foram utilizados os testes de associação χ2. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio da reprodutibilidade teste-reteste interobservadores, usando as estatísticas Kappa ponderado quadrático e prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted Kappa (PABAK). RESULTADOS: A sensibilidade foi de 97,0%, a especificidade, 14,6%, o VPP, 36,2%, e o VPN, 90,6%. A análise de critério mostrou associação (p < 0,0001) entre as avaliações pelas duas escalas. Cinco dos oito itens da escala e a classificação geral mostraram capacidade de discriminação do risco (p < 0,050). A reprodutibilidade interobservadores variou entre itens (PABAK de 0,25 a 1,00) e foi substancial na classificação do risco global (PABAK = 0,71). CONCLUSÃO: A JH-FRAT apresentou validade e confiabilidade esperadas para um instrumento de triagem do risco de quedas, podendo contribuir na aplicação de estratégias para a gestão de quedas em hospitais.

Validade e confiabilidade da versão brasileira da Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool para avaliação do risco de quedas / Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool to assess the risk of falls

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar a validade e a confiabilidade da escala Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JH-FRAT) para avaliação do risco de quedas em pacientes hospitalizados. Método: Estudo retroativo com 297 pacientes de um hospital privado de São Paulo usando dados de 2014. A validade foi avaliada por meio da acurácia (sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo - VPP e negativo - VPN), da validade de critério, verificando-se as associações entre a classificação do risco pelas escalas JH-FRAT e Morse, e da análise discriminante (comparação dos pacientes com e sem quedas em relação aos itens da escala e verificação de situações prévias de risco em relação ao dano ocorrido). Foram utilizados os testes de associação χ2. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio da reprodutibilidade teste-reteste interobservadores, usando as estatísticas Kappa ponderado quadrático e prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted Kappa (PABAK). Resultados: A sensibilidade foi de 97,0%, a especificidade, 14,6%, o VPP, 36,2%, e o VPN, 90,6%. A análise de critério mostrou associação (p < 0,0001) entre as avaliações pelas duas escalas. Cinco dos oito itens da escala e a classificação geral mostraram capacidade de discriminação do risco (p < 0,050). A reprodutibilidade interobservadores variou entre itens (PABAK de 0,25 a 1,00) e foi substancial na classificação do risco global (PABAK = 0,71). Conclusão: A JH-FRAT apresentou validade e confiabilidade esperadas para um instrumento de triagem do risco de quedas, podendo contribuir na aplicação de estratégias para a gestão de quedas em hospitais.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JH-FRAT), which assesses the risk of falls in hospitalized inpatients. Method: Study with 297 patients at a hospital in São Paulo, using retrospective data form 2014. Validity was assessed by accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value - PPV and negative predictive value - NPV) and discriminant analysis (comparison of patients with and without falls in relation to the scale items and comparison of previous risk situations in relation to the injury). The χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were used. Reliability was assessed by reproducibility between methods and interobserver test-retest comparison in a subsample of 60 patients. We used the Kappa, quadratic weighted Kappa and PABAK statistics. Results: Sensitivity was 97.0%, specificity was 6%, PPV was 36.2% and NPV was 90.6%. Five of the eight items of the scale and the overall classification showed risk discrimination capability (p < 0.050). The risk of previous situations did not discriminate the injury resulting from the falls (p = 0.557). Reproducibility between methods was substantial (PABAK = 0.71). The interobserver reproducibility ranged between items (PABAK 0.25 to 1.00) and was substantial to the overall risk classification (PABAK = 0.71). Conclusion: JH-FRAT showed validity and reliability expected of a screening tool for risk of falls, and it can contribute to the implementation of fall management strategies in hospitals.

Transcultural adaptation of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool.

OBJECTIVE: to perform the transcultural adaptation and content validity analysis of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool to assess both fall risk and fall-related injury risk for hospitalized elderly in Brazil. METHOD: the transcultural adaptation consisted of translating the scale to Portuguese (Brazil), back-translating it into its language of origin, establishing a consensus version, and having an expert committee verify its transcultural equivalence. Content assessment was conducted by a committee of judges, ending with the calculation of the items and scales' content validity index. Nurses tested the tool. RESULTS: the scale's translated version went through two evaluation rounds by the judges, based on which, the items with unsatisfactory performance were changed. The content validity index for the items was ≥80.0% and the global index 97.1%. The experimental application showed the scale is user-friendly. CONCLUSION: the scale presents valid content for the assessment of fall risk and risk of fall-related injuries and is easy to use, with the potential to contribute to the proper identification of risks and the establishment of care actions.

Effect of a Quality Improvement Intervention With Daily Round Checklists, Goal Setting, and Clinician Prompting on Mortality of Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: The effectiveness of checklists, daily goal assessments, and clinician prompts as quality improvement interventions in intensive care units (ICUs) is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a multifaceted quality improvement intervention reduces the mortality of critically ill adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study had 2 phases. Phase 1 was an observational study to assess baseline data on work climate, care processes, and clinical outcomes, conducted between August 2013 and March 2014 in 118 Brazilian ICUs. Phase 2 was a cluster randomized trial conducted between April and November 2014 with the same ICUs. The first 60 admissions of longer than 48 hours per ICU were enrolled in each phase. INTERVENTIONS: Intensive care units were randomized to a quality improvement intervention, including a daily checklist and goal setting during multidisciplinary rounds with follow-up clinician prompting for 11 care processes, or to routine care. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: In-hospital mortality truncated at 60 days (primary outcome) was analyzed using a random-effects logistic regression model, adjusted for patients' severity and the ICU's baseline standardized mortality ratio. Exploratory secondary outcomes included adherence to care processes, safety climate, and clinical events. RESULTS: A total of 6877 patients (mean age, 59.7 years; 3218 [46.8%] women) were enrolled in the baseline (observational) phase and 6761 (mean age, 59.6 years; 3098 [45.8%] women) in the randomized phase, with 3327 patients enrolled in ICUs (n = 59) assigned to the intervention group and 3434 patients in ICUs (n = 59) assigned to routine care. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the intervention group and the usual care group, with 1096 deaths (32.9%) and 1196 deaths (34.8%), respectively (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.82-1.26; P = .88). Among 20 prespecified secondary outcomes not adjusted for multiple comparisons, 6 were significantly improved in the intervention group (use of low tidal volumes, avoidance of heavy sedation, use of central venous catheters, use of urinary catheters, perception of team work, and perception of patient safety climate), whereas there were no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group for 14 outcomes (ICU mortality, central line-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, urinary tract infection, mean ventilator-free days, mean ICU length of stay, mean hospital length of stay, bed elevation to ≥30°, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, diet administration, job satisfaction, stress reduction, perception of management, and perception of working conditions). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among critically ill patients treated in ICUs in Brazil, implementation of a multifaceted quality improvement intervention with daily checklists, goal setting, and clinician prompting did not reduce in-hospital mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01785966.

Transcultural adaptation of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool / Adaptação transcultural da Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool para avaliação do risco de quedas / Adaptación transcultural de la Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool para evaluación del riesgo de caídas

ABSTRACT Objective: to perform the transcultural adaptation and content validity analysis of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool to assess both fall risk and fall-related injury risk for hospitalized elderly in Brazil. Method: the transcultural adaptation consisted of translating the scale to Portuguese (Brazil), back-translating it into its language of origin, establishing a consensus version, and having an expert committee verify its transcultural equivalence. Content assessment was conducted by a committee of judges, ending with the calculation of the items and scales' content validity index. Nurses tested the tool. Results: the scale's translated version went through two evaluation rounds by the judges, based on which, the items with unsatisfactory performance were changed. The content validity index for the items was ≥80.0% and the global index 97.1%. The experimental application showed the scale is user-friendly. Conclusion: the scale presents valid content for the assessment of fall risk and risk of fall-related injuries and is easy to use, with the potential to contribute to the proper identification of risks and the establishment of care actions.

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar a adaptação transcultural para uso no Brasil e a avaliação da validade de conteúdo da Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool para avaliação de risco de quedas e de danos por quedas em pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Método: adaptação transcultural consistiu na tradução da escala para a língua portuguesa (Brasil), retrotradução para a língua de origem, versão de consenso e análise da equivalência transcultural por um comitê de especialistas. A avaliação do conteúdo foi realizada por meio de um comitê de juízes, finalizando com o cálculo do índice de validade de conteúdo dos itens e da escala. Foi realizada a aplicação experimental do instrumento por enfermeiros. Resultados: a versão traduzida da escala passou por duas rodadas de avaliação pelos juízes, a partir das quais os itens com desempenho insatisfatório foram modificados. O índice de validade de conteúdo para itens foi ≥80,0% e o global foi 97,1%. A aplicação experimental mostrou que a escala é de fácil operacionalização. Conclusão: a escala demonstrou conteúdo válido para a avaliação de risco de quedas e de danos por quedas e ser de fácil operacionalização, podendo contribuir para a adequada identificação dos riscos e consequente direcionamento de ações assistenciais.

RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar la adaptación transcultural para ser usada en Brasil y confirmar la validez de contenido de la Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool que evalúa riesgo de caídas y de daños por caídas en pacientes adultos mayores. Método: adaptación transcultural que consistió en la traducción de la escala para el idioma portugués (Brasil); retrotraducción para el idioma de origen; y versión de consenso y análisis de la equivalencia transcultural por un comité de especialistas. La evaluación del contenido fue realizada por medio de un comité de jueces, siendo finalizado con el cálculo del índice de validez de contenido de los ítems y de la escala. Fue realizada la aplicación experimental del instrumento por enfermeros. Resultados: la versión traducida de la escala pasó por dos vueltas de evaluación por los jueces, a partir de las cuales los ítems con desempeño insatisfactorio fueron modificados. El índice de validez de contenido para los ítems fue ≥80,0% y el global fue 97,1%. La aplicación experimental mostró que la escala es de fácil ejecución. Conclusión: la escala demostró tener un contenido válido para la evaluación de riesgo de caídas y de daños por caídas, y de ser de fácil ejecución; esta escala puede contribuir para la adecuada identificación de los riesgos y consecuentemente para la orientación de acciones asistenciales.

A cluster randomized trial of a multifaceted quality improvement intervention in Brazilian intensive care units: study protocol.

BACKGROUND: The uptake of evidence-based therapies in the intensive care environment is suboptimal, particularly in limited-resource countries. Checklists, daily goal assessments, and clinician prompts may improve compliance with best practice processes of care and, in turn, improve clinical outcomes. However, the available evidence on the effectiveness of checklists is unreliable and inconclusive, and the mechanisms are poorly understood. We aim to evaluate whether the use of a multifaceted quality improvement intervention, including the use of a checklist and the definition of daily care goals during multidisciplinary daily rounds and clinician prompts, can improve the in-hospital mortality of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Our secondary objectives are to assess the effects of the study intervention on specific processes of care, clinical outcomes, and the safety culture and to determine which factors (the processes of care and/or safety culture) mediate the effect of the study intervention on mortality. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a cluster randomized trial involving 118 ICUs in Brazil conducted in two phases. In the observational preparatory phase, we collect baseline data on processes of care and clinical outcomes from 60 consecutive patients with lengths of ICU stay longer than 48 h and apply the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) to 75% or more of the health care staff in each ICU. In the randomized phase, we assign ICUs to the experimental or control arm and repeat data collection. Experimental arm ICUs receive the multifaceted quality improvement intervention, including a checklist and definition of daily care goals during daily multidisciplinary rounds, clinician prompting, and feedback on rates of adherence to selected care processes. Control arm ICUs maintain usual care. The primary outcome is in-hospital mortality, truncated at 60 days. Secondary outcomes include the rates of adherence to appropriate care processes, rates of other clinical outcomes, and scores on the SAQ domains. Analysis follows the intention-to-treat principle, and the primary outcome is analyzed using mixed effects logistic regression. DISCUSSION: This is a large scale, pragmatic cluster-randomized trial evaluating whether a multifaceted quality improvement intervention, including checklists applied during the multidisciplinary daily rounds and clinician prompting, can improve the adoption of proven therapies and decrease the mortality of critically ill patients. If this study finds that the intervention reduces mortality, it may be widely adopted in intensive care units, even those in limited-resource settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01785966.

The practice of nurses caring for families of pediatric inpatients in light of Jean Watson.

Objective To know the facilities and the difficulties of nurses in caring practice of hospitalized children's families in the light of Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring. Method It was used the descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was conducted in three stages: presentation of theoretical content; engagement with families in the light of Watson's theory; and semi-structured interview with 12 pediatric nurses. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, being possible to form three themes: Recognizing a framework for care; Considering the institutional context; and Challenges in family's relationship. Results The theory favored reflections about self, about the institutions and about nurses' relationship with the family of the child, normalized by a consciousness toward caring attitudes. Conclusion In this process, it is imperative that nurses recognize the philosophical-theoretical foundations of care to attend the child's family in hospital.

The practice of nurses caring for families of pediatric inpatients in light of Jean Watson / La práctica del cuidado del enfermero com famílias de niños según jean watson / A prática do cuidado do enfermeiro com famílias de criança à luz de Jean Watson

Objective To know the facilities and the difficulties of nurses in caring practice of hospitalized children’s families in the light of Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Method It was used the descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was conducted in three stages: presentation of theoretical content; engagement with families in the light of Watson’s theory; and semi-structured interview with 12 pediatric nurses. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, being possible to form three themes: Recognizing a framework for care; Considering the institutional context; and Challenges in family’s relationship. Results The theory favored reflections about self, about the institutions and about nurses’ relationship with the family of the child, normalized by a consciousness toward caring attitudes. Conclusion In this process, it is imperative that nurses recognize the philosophical-theoretical foundations of care to attend the child’s family in hospital.

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Objetivo Analizar la violencia contra los adolescentes a la luz de las categorías de género y generación. Método It was used the descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was conducted in three stages: presentation of theoretical content; engagement with families in the light of Watson’s theory; and semi-structured interview with 12 pediatric nurses. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, being possible to form three themes: Recognizing a framework for care; Considering the institutional context; and Challenges in family’s relationship. Resultados The theory favored reflections about self, about the institutions and about nurses’ relationship with the family of the child, normalized by a consciousness toward caring attitudes. Conclusión In this process, it is imperative that nurses recognize the philosophical-theoretical foundations of care to attend the child’s family in hospital.

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Objetivo Conhecer as facilidades e as dificuldades do enfermeiro na prática do cuidado das famílias de crianças internadas, à luz da Teoria do Cuidado Humano de Jean Watson. Método Utilizou a abordagem qualitativa descritiva. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em três etapas: apresentação do conteúdo teórico; engajamento com as famílias à luz da teoria de Watson; e entrevista semiestruturada com 12 enfermeiras de pediatria. As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise temática indutiva, sendo possível formar três temas: Reconhecendo um referencial para o cuidado; Considerando o contexto institucional; e Desafios no relacionamento com a família. Resultados A teoria favoreceu reflexões sobre o self, sobre as instituições e sobre o relacionamento com a família da criança, normalizadas por uma consciência voltada para atitudes de cuidado. Conclusão Nesse processo, é imperativo que o enfermeiro reconheça os fundamentos teórico-filosóficos do cuidado para atender à família da criança no hospital.
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[The use of peripherally inserted central catheter lines with children in hospitals in the city of São Paulo]. / Cateteres centrais de inserção periférica em crianças de hospitais do município de São Paulo.

Descriptive and correlation study aimed at assessing the use of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) lines in pediatric patients, in hospitals of São Paulo, Brazil. The sample comprised 410 nurses from 29 hospitals; 57.9% of whom worked in private institutions, 61.6% in pediatric wards, and 38.4% in neonatal wards. PICC lines were inserted by 19.9% of the nurses, and the main training method was the certification awarded by medical specialties societies (47.0%). According to 52.0% of the sample participants, PICC lines are broadly used, yet nurses working for private institutions (p = 0.004) and in neonatology wards (p < 0.001) make a significantly higher use of them.

Cateteres centrais de inserção periférica em crianças de hospitais do município de São Paulo / The use of peripherally inserted central catheter lines with children in hospitals in the city of São Paulo

Estudo descritivo e de correlação que objetivou verificar a utilização dos Cateteres Centrais de InserçãoPeriférica (CCIP) em crianças assistidas em hospitais do município de São Paulo. A amostra foi composta por 410enfermeiros de 29 hospitais, sendo que 57,9% trabalhavam em instituições privadas, 61,6% em unidades deatendimento pediátrico e 38,4% em neonatal. Os CCIP eram inseridos por 19,9% dos respondentes, sendo oprincipal modo de capacitação para prática a qualificação por sociedade de especialistas (47,0%). Os CCIP eramutilizados na prática assistencial segundo 52,0% da amostra, sendo significantemente maior o uso por enfermeirosde instituições privadas (p = 0,004) e de unidades de neonatologia (p < 0,001).

Cateter central de inserção periférica para acesso venoso em criançs: utilização segundo enfermeiros do hospital do município de São Paulo / Peripherally inserted central catheter for venous acess in children: utilization according to nurses on hospitals of São Paulo city

Estudo descritivo e de correlação que objetivou pesquisar a utilização de Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica (CCIP) para acesso venoso em crianças assistidas em hospitais do município de São Paulo. A amostra foi constituída por 410 enfermeiros de 29 hospitais, sendo a coleta de dados realizada entre agosto e outubro de 2003, utilizando-se um questionário com 29 questões, composto por duas partes, denominadas A e B. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste do Quiquadrado, fixando o nível de significância em 0,05. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a maioria dos enfermeiros trabalhava em instituições privadas (57,9 por cento) e com finalidade de ensino (50,9 por cento), tendo como média de leitos e enfermeiros por unidade, 18,1 (±13,2) e 8,2 (±6,7), respectivamente. Quanto ao tipo de unidade, agrupando-as segundo atendimento, identificou-se que 61,6 por cento dos enfermeiros trabalhava em pediatria, seguidos dos que atuavam em neonatologia (24,2 por cento), nos dois tipos de atendimento (11,5 por cento) e em outras áreas (2,7 por cento). Os CCI P eram utilizados nas unidades segundo 191 (48,0 por cento) respondentes, sendo significantemente maior o uso por enfermeiros de instituições privadas (p=0,004) e de unidades de neonatologia (p<0,001). Os enfermeiros possuíam em média 8,2 (±6,5) anos de formados, 68,7 por cento realizou cursos de pós-graduação e 19,9 por cento realizava a inserção de CCIP. O principal (47,0 por cento) modo de aprendizado da inserção do CCIP foi a qualificação por sociedade de especialistas, sendo que este aspecto influenciou a realização do procedimento pelo enfermeiro (p<0,001). Os CCIP são utilizados há cerca de três anos, encontram-se sempre disponíveis para uso (77,1 por cento), para diversas finalidades terapêuticas, destacando-se a infusão de fármacos e soluções, tanto de modo contínuo, como intermitente. Enfermeiros são profissionais envolvidos na escolha do CCIP (76,3 por cento), bem como, na inserção (97,6 por cento), manutenção (88,5 por cento) e retirada dos cateteres (82,6 por cento), sendo que, para realizar tais práticas, mais de 75,0 por cento dos profissionais refere utilizar protocolos, bem como, ficha específica para registro dessas informações (58,5 por cento)...